Abstract This study presents the first record of the cordiform echinoid Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1791) (Echinoidea: Spatangoida: Brissidae) in Paraná’s shallow inner shelf, in addition to a brief description of its location, body measurements, sex determination, and reproductive status. Two specimens were recorded between 2015 (bycatch by artisanal fishing) and 2016 (observed by scuba diving). The only specimen - with severe signs of weakness - captured was donated to Associação MarBrasil and kept in an aquarium for rehabilitation (8 days), where it was possible to observe digging movements, burying skills (partially), and camouflage or covering behavior. The organism was sent to the UNESPAR campus of Paranaguá and was photographed, measured (length: 155.65 mm, width: 118.93 mm, and maximum test height: 41.31 mm), fixed, and properly preserved. Digitized images of the histological preparation showed that it was a female in the recovery stage (or nutritional reserve) of the reproductive cycle. Regardless of their limitations, the current records for the Brissidae family in South Atlantic are still concentrated on the Brazilian coast, contributing to the understanding of zoogeographic, ecological, morphophysiological, and behavioral aspects of the spatangoid echinoids.

RESUMO Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar a reabsorção radicular lateral externa (RRLE) e a reabsorção radicular apical externa (RRAE) em dentes movimentados sobre o rebordo edêntulo atrófico e naqueles submetidos à movimentação ortodôntica usual. Métodos: Foram avaliados 54 pré-molares, sendo 27 deles movimentados em direção ao rebordo edêntulo (Grupo 1) e 27 (dos mesmos pacientes) não transladados, que compuseram o grupo controle (Grupo 2). A RRLE foi avaliada por meio de escores de 0 a 3, e a RRAE foi avaliada por meio de escores de 0 a 4, antes e depois do tratamento. As medidas foram comparadas por meio dos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Student-Newman-Keuls. Resultados: O escore da RRLE aumentou estatisticamente apenas no Grupo 1 (p< 0,05). Após o tratamento ortodôntico, observou-se que quase 56% (n = 15) dos dentes do Grupo 1 apresentaram escores 2 e 3, enquanto o Grupo 2 apresentou escores 2 e 3 em cerca de 11% (n = 3) dos dentes. O escore da RRAE aumentou em ambos os grupos após a movimentação ortodôntica; entretanto, as análises estatísticas não mostraram diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p> 0,05). Conclusões: Dentes submetidos à movimentação ortodôntica sobre rebordo edêntulo atrófico estão sujeitos a uma maior reabsorção radicular externa lateral.

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study aimed at comparing the external lateral root resorption (ELRR) and external apical root resorption (EARR) between teeth moved through the atrophic edentulous ridge and those undergoing the usual orthodontic movement. Methods: Fifty-four premolars were evaluated, where 27 of them had been moved toward the edentulous ridge (Group 1) and 27 from the same patient, had not been translated, which comprised the control group (Group 2). ELRR was evaluated by 0-3 scores and EARR was evaluated by 0-4 scores, before and after movement. Measurements were compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests. Results: ELRR increased statistically only in the Group 1 (p< 0.05). After orthodontic treatment, it was observed that almost 56% (n = 15) of teeth in Group 1 presented scores 2 and 3, while Group 2 presented scores 2 and 3 in about 11% (n= 3) of the teeth. EARR increased in both groups after orthodontic movement, however, statistically analyses showed no significant differences between groups (p> 0.05). Conclusions: Orthodontic movement into the atrophic edentulous ridge is subject to a greater lateral external root resorption.

Abstract The Indo-Pacific edible swimming crab Scylla serrata is reported here for the fifth time from the western Atlantic including a failed attempt of introduction to Florida for aquaculture purposes in the years 1960’s. The species had been recorded from Brazil in the early 1980’s and in 2011 and from the Caribbean coast of Colombia in 2013. The capture of a third specimen in southeastern Brazil on 24 August 2020 is discussed here. On all occasions individuals found in Brazil were adults captured alive near port areas. The occurrence of S. serrata in disparate time periods in the western Atlantic (1983, 2011, 2013 and 2020) is regarded as an indication of low inoculation pressure.

Resumen Encope emarginata se agrupa con frecuencia y las variaciones observadas en los sedimentos y en sus patrones espaciales de distribución pueden ser en función de los cambios en el régimen hidrodinámico local. Asociados con estos equinoideos irregulares viven pequeños cangrejos Dissodactylus crinitichelis. Si se considera que los equinoideos actúan como sustrato para sus simbiontes, estos están sujetos a competición intraespecífica por espacio. Basándose en esta suposición, fue creada la hipótesis de que la abundancia de cangrejos y el tamaño del equinoideo se correlacionan positivamente. Se hicieron dos muestreos, uno en septiembre de 2011 y otro en mayo de 2012. Los equinoideos fueron contados y medidos in situ, en la llanura de marea frente a Isla de las Cobras (25° 29’ 5” S - 48° 25’ 48” W) en la Bahía de Paranaguá - Sur, Brasil. Fueron distribuidos cuatro transectos en paralelo a la playa entre profundidades de 0,5 a 2m, y el número de organismos se contaron en un área de 4 m-2. Después, 164 equinoideos se midieron aleatoriamente (ejes longitudinales y transversales en la vista oral) y la cantidad de simbiontes por anfitrión fue contada. Observamos 906 especímenes de E. emarginata (558 en septiembre / 11 y 348 en mayo / 12), las densidades de equinoideos van de cero a 20 ind.4m-2. Los equinoideos siguieron un patrón de distribución agrupado con manchas de diferentes densidades dentro de los transectos y puntos (F2, 15 = 9.466, p < 0.01). En septiembre / 11 fueron observadas manchas más cerca de la costa en comparación con mayo / 12. El simbionte D. crinitichelis muestra un patrón de distribución más variable cuando se compara con sus anfitriones. En septiembre / 11 los cangrejos eran agrupados, así como los equinoideos. Mientras en mayo / 12 D. crinitichelis se distribuyeron al azar, mostrando un patrón distinto de que los observados para E. emarginata. No se observó relación entre el tamaño de E. emarginata y el número de simbiontes (eje longitudinal: r = - 0.021, p < 0.05; eje transversal: r = - 0.017, p > 0.05), rechazando la hipótesis de que espacio es un recurso limitante para los cangrejos. Al contrario, los patrones de distribución de D. crinitichelis fueron aparentemente influenciados por la distribución de la población de los anfitriones, en lugar de por un solo espécimen. Esto sugiere que otros factores (por ejemplo, la distribución espacial y la conectividad entre manchas en las poblaciones de equinoideos) pueden ser más importantes para la dinámica poblacional de D. crinitichelis de que la competición por espacio en sí.

Abstract Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778) are frequently observed aggregated in the sediment and variations in its spatial patterns of distribution may be a function of changes on local hydrodynamic regime. Tiny crabs, Dissodactylus crinitichelis Moreira, 1901 living associate with these irregular echinoids. It is unclear whether the presence of crabs can affect the fitness of hosts and if this effect may be dependent on the abundance of crabs that a sand dollar is capable of hosting. If we consider that sand dollars act as substrate for symbionts then, they are subject to intraspecific competition for space. Based on this assumption, we hypothesize that the abundance of crabs will be positively correlated with sand dollar size. Two sampling campaigns were made, one in September - 2011 and other in May - 2012. Sand dollars were counted and measured in situ at the tidal flat in front of Cobras’ Island (25° 29’ 5” S - 48° 25’ 48” W) in the Paranaguá Bay - Southern, Brazil. Four parallel transects were distributed between depths of 0.5 to 2 m and the number of individuals were counted in a sample area of 4 m². In another moment, 164 sand dollars and their symbionts were measured. We observed 906 specimens of E. emarginata (558 in Sep / 11 and 348 in May / 12). Sand dollar densities range from zero to 20 ind. 4 m-², and had an aggregate distribution pattern with patches of different densities within transects and periods (F2, 15 = 9.466, p < 0.01). Patches were observed near to the coast in Sep / 11 compared with May / 12. The symbionts D. crinitichelis present a more variable distribution pattern if compared with sand dollars. In Sep / 11, crabs were clumped distributed as well as sand dollars. On the other hand, in May / 12 D. crinitichelis was random distributed, displaying a distinct pattern than those observed for E. emarginata hosts. No relationship between size of E. emarginata and the number symbionts was observed (Longitudinal axes: r = - 0.021, p < 0.05; Transverse axes: r = - 0.017, p > 0.05), refuting the hypothesis that space is a limiting resource for the crabs. On the contrary, distribution patterns of D. crinitichelis were seemingly influenced by the distribution of their host population, rather than by one single host specimen. This suggests that other factors (e.g., the spatial distribution and connectivity between patches within a population of sand dollars) may be more important for the population dynamics of D. crinitichelis than competition for space per se. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (Suppl. 2): 209-220. Epub 2015 June 01.

La estrella de mar Astropecten marginatus presenta una distribución neotropical y debido a su abundancia es frecuente encontrarla como captura incidental durante actividades de pesca de arrastre; actividad por la cual se encuentra amenazada en muchos lugares a lo largo de la costa brasileña. En este estudio se analizaron las variaciones estacionales de la estructura de la población y se determinaron los principales componentes de la dieta de A. marginatus frente a la costa de Paraná, sur de Brasil. Las muestras analizadas provinieron de las capturas de la pesca de arrastre recogidas en febrero (verano), abril (otoño), junio (invierno) y octubre (primavera) 2008. De cada individuo se midió la longitud y se pesó, posteriormente se analizó el contenido estomacal de 10 organismos de cada una de las dos clases de talla más frecuentes por cada temporada. Se analizaron 994 ejemplares de A. marginatus, los cuales presentaron una longitud que varió entre 7.0-56.2mm, con mayor frecuencia de individuos entre 20.1-25mm. Los organismos mayores (>40mm) se encontraron solamente en la primavera, mientras aquellos con talla inferior a los 10mm se obtuvieron durante el otoño y el invierno. El peso de los individuos se mantuvo entre los 0.1-15.3g. La relación entre el peso y talla mostró un crecimiento alométrico negativo (b<2.54). En cuanto a la dieta, esta especie consumió un total de once presas, de las cuales los cumáceos y moluscos fueron los grupos más consumidos. Una mayor cantidad de presas exploradas se registró en el invierno-primavera de los períodos de verano-otoño. El predominio de la presa cambió de gasterópodos (verano y otoño) a cumáceos (invierno y primavera). Las diferencias estacionales en el patrón de alimentación podrían estar asociadas a una baja disponibilidad de presas y a los cambios en las tasas de alimentación, lo cual se ve reflejado en algunos rasgos biológicos, como el pequeño tamaño del cuerpo esta población.

The sea star Astropecten marginatus has a neotropical distribution and is a highly abundant and frequent species in shrimp trawling by-catchin many places along the Brazilian coast. This has caused its threat to extinction and in addition, its bio-ecological aspects are poorly known. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze the seasonal variations of population length structure and feeding habits of the sea stars A. marginatus inhabiting off state of Paraná, Southern Brazil. The analyzed specimens were collected in February (summer), April (fall), June (winter) and October (spring) of 2008 from shrimp by-catch trawling. In the laboratory, each individual had its length measured and then weighed on an analytical scale. Afterwards, the stomach contents of 10 individuals of each of two most frequent length classes were seasonally analyzed. The relative frequency and abundance for each prey category was determined and, then combined into an index of alimentary importance. A total of 994 individuals of A. marginatus were collected with length ranging from 7.0 to 56.2mm, but most individuals were in the 20.1-25mm length classes. Individuals larger than 40mm were only collected in the spring while a few recruits (<10mm) were found in fall and winter. The total weight of individuals ranged from 0.1 to 15.3g and the weight-length relationships showed a negative allometric growth (b<2.54). Regarding its food consumption, this sea star explored eleven food items, with cumaceans and mollusks as the most frequent items. High frequency of empty stomach was recorded at fall. Seasonal differences in the amount explored preys and ingested items as well as in the prey composition were also observed. Higher amount of explored prey categories and ingested items were recorded at winter-spring than summer-fall periods. Predominance in prey category changed from gastropods (summer and fall) to cumaceans (winter and spring). The importance of gastropods as main prey category at summer and fall should be carefully considered since it was coincidently observed with high frequency of empty stomach and low amount of ingested items. The observed seasonal differences in feeding behavior pattern were mainly associated to low prey availability and to changes in the sea star feeding rates, and probably reflected in some biological traits such as small body size of the population inhabiting waters off the Paraná coast, Southern Brazil.